ITEM;/QUANTITY;= SUBSTITUTION:


Allspice:/1 tspn.; = 1/2 tspn. cinnamon plus 1/8 tspn. ground cloves

Arrowroot,
as thickner;/1 1/2 tspns.; = 1 Tblspn. flour

Baking Powder;/1 tspn.; = 1/4 tspn. baking soda plus 5/8 tspn. cream of tartar

Bread crumbs;Dry;/1/4 cup; = 1 slice bread
soft;/ 1/2 cup; = 1 slice bread

Buttermilk;/1 cup; = 1 cup plain yogurt

Chocolate,
unsweetened;/1 ounce; =  3 Tblspns cocoa plus 1 Tblspn butter or fat

Cornstartch;/ 1 Tblspn; = 2 Tablspns flour, or, 1 1/2 Tblspn quick cooking tapioca

Cracker crumbs;/ 3/4 cup; = 1 cup bread crumbs

Cream, heavy;/1 cup; = 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup melted butter (this will not whip)

Cream, light;/1 cup; = 7/8 cup milk plus 3 Tablspns melted butter

Cream, sour;/1 cup; = 7/8 cup buttermilk or plain yogurt plus 3 Tblspns melted  butter

Cream, whipping;/ 1 cup; = 2/3 cup well chilled evaporated milk, whipped, or 1 cup nonfat dry milk powder, whipped with 1 cup ice water 

Egg;/ 1 whole; = 2 yolks (is this one silly or what?), or, 1 Tblspn mayonnaise

Flour, all purpose;/ 1 cup; = 1 1/8 cups cake flour, or, 5/8 cup potato flour, or, 1 1/4 cup rye or coarsely ground whole grain flour, or, 1 cup cornmeal

Flour, cake;/ 1 cup; = 1 cup minus 2 Tblspns sifted all purpose flour

Garlic;/ 1 small clove; = 1/8 tspn garlic powder, or, instant minced garlic

Herbs, dried;/ 1/2 to 1 tspn; = 1 Tblspn fresh, minced and packed

Honey;/ 1 cup; = 1 1/4 cup sugar plus 1/2 cup liquid

Lemon;/ 1 ; = 1 to 3 Tblspns juice,or, 1 to 1 1/2 tspns grated rind

Lemon Juice;/  1 tspn; = 1/2 tspn vinegar

Lemon rind, grated;/ 1 tspn; = 1 tspn lemon extract

Milk, skim;/ 1 cup; = 1/3 cup instant nonfat dry milk plus about 3/4 cups water 

Milk, whole;/ 1 cup; = 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water, or, skim milk plus 2 tspns melted butter

Milk, to sour;/ 1 cup; = Add 1 Tblspn vinegar or lemon juice to 1 cup milk minus 1 Tblspn. Stir and let stand 5 minutes 

Molassas;/ 1 cup; = 1 cup honey

Mustard, prepared;/ 1 Tblspn; = 1 tspn dry or powdered mustard

Onion, chopped;/ 1 small; = 1 Tblspn instant minced onion, or, 1 tspn onion powder, or, 1/4 cup frozen chopped onions

Sugar, granulated;/ 1 cup; = 1 cup firmly packed brown sugar, or, 1 3/4 cups confectioners sugar (do not substitute this one in baking), or, 2 cups corn syrup, or 1 cup superfine sugar

Tomatoes, canned;/ 1 cup; = 1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water, or, 1 1/3 cups chopped fresh tomatoes simmered

Tomato juice;/ 1 cup; = 1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water plus dash each of salt and sugar, or, 1/4 cup tomato paste plus 3/4 cup water plus sugar and salt

Tomato ketchup;/ 1/2 cup; = 1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 2 Tblspns sugar,1 Tblspn vinegar and 1/8 tspn ground cloves

Tomato puree;/ 1 cup; = 1/2 cup tomato paste plus 1/2 cup water

Tomato soup;/ 1 can (10oz.); = 1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup water

Vanilla;/ 1 inch bean; = 1 tspn vanilla extract

Yeast;/ 1 cake (3.5oz.) ; = 1 pkg active dry yeast

Yogurt, plain;/ 1 cup; = 1 cup buttermilk